Reformists or regime change opportunists? The 180-degree turn of Iran’s Freedom Movement in 1978.
Historical accounts reveal a stark reality: precisely when the Shah demonstrated the political willingness to implement reforms, self-proclaimed moderates abruptly abandoned their stance.
US Ambassador William Sullivan and political officer John Stempel initiated covert negotiations with Khomeini’s circle in Tehran—centered around Mehdi Bazargan.
For years, the Freedom Movement insisted that "the Shah should reign, not rule." Yet the moment a shift in American backing became apparent, all talk of peaceful constitutional reform vanished. They rapidly embraced total regime overthrow.
What is your take on the historic role of Bazargan and the Freedom Movement in 1979? Share your analysis in the comments below.
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